Non-enzymatic amperometric biosensor with anchored Ni nanoparticles for urinary glucose quantification

In a one-step approach, Nickel nanoparticles of <200 nm in diameter were electrodeposited on the surface of laser-induced graphene using the chronoamperometry technique to develop a sensitive, flexible nonenzymatic sensor for detecting glucose in urine. The prepared sensor prototype exhibited remarkable catalytic activity toward the glucose oxidation with a response time of <3 s, sensitivity of 5796.18 μAmM−1 cm−2, a linear range of 12 μM-1.5 mM, and a detection limit of 0.0152 μM. It detected glucose in human urine samples with high reliability of 98.5 % and showed excellent anti-interference ability for glucose sensing. This prototype can form the basis for wearable sensors to detect glucose in a range of concentrations because of the developed sensor's excellent performance, durability, and lifespan.