A Data Propagation Method of Internet of Vehicles Based on Sharding Blockchain

Blockchain technology has been successfully applied to finance and medical treatment recently. It is the prototype of the next generation of cloud computing, which is expected to reconstruct human social activities. IoV is an essential part of human social activities. Traditional centralized management and data storage are not suitable for IoV, which satisfies large-scale and low latency. Therefore, decentralization, distributed management, and distributed storage may become the future technology trends of IoV. However, when we take decentralized techniques, the data and communication must have high-security requirements. According to the characteristics of IoV, this paper discussed the sharding design of Blockchain and proposed an IoV model-based sharding Blockchain. Based on this model, we designed a Sharding algorithm for the RSU Blockchain layer (RSU-SA) to elect full nodes and sharding with good scalability and stability. Secondly, by introducing the correlation degree of light nodes, we adopted the light node evaluation matrix, established the data propagation subtree, and implemented a tree-based data propagation algorithm (TDPA). Finally, we simulated the above two algorithms. Simulation results showed that the Sharding algorithm for the RSU Blockchain layer (RSU-SA) is more effective with a stable network life cycle. The experimental results verified the effect of tree depth on data block propagation. It revealed that the tree-based partition data propagation algorithm effectively reduced the block data transmission delay.