Insights into bacterial endophytic diversity and isolation with a focus on their potential applications –A review

Endophytic bacteria inevitably form mutualistic relationships with plants and supply numerous benefits without causing peripheral infection or adverse effects on their host. They are omnipresent and may be found in a variety of habitats, including terrestrial and mangrove environments, spanning the plant kingdom. The need for bioactive compounds in medicines has skyrocketed in recent years. Because of their intimate association with their host plant, bacterial endophytes might be investigated for biotechnologically important products, including antibiotics, proteins, enzymes, and others. Bioactive compounds produced by bacterial endophytes possess numerous biological properties corresponding to antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Therefore, endophytes are an essential replacement for overcoming pathogen drug resistance due to their enormous diversity and long-term tolerance to environmental conditions. Bacterial endophytes have a tremendous impact on the floral community by boosting their growth, raising their fitness by targeting pests and plant pathogens. The major focus of the review relies on the isolation and identification of bacterial endophytes from diverse habitats and illustrates their various potential applications in the pharmaceutical, industrial, and agricultural sectors as well as in nanotechnology for the fabrication of various nanoparticles incorporated into different applications.