miRNA‐mediated insect‐resistant transgenic rice poses no risk to a non‐target parasitoid, Cotesia chilonis, via direct feeding or through its target host

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have started to play an important role in pest control, and novel miRNA‐based transgenic insect‐resistant plants are now emerging. However, an environmental risk assessment of these novel transgenic plants expressing insect miRNAs must be undertaken before promoting their application. Here, transgenic miR‐14 rice, which has high resistance to the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis , was used as an example for evaluation in this study. Taking the tier 1 risk assessment method in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops as a reference, the effects of the direct exposure of a non‐target parasitoid, Cotesia chilonis , to a high concentration of miRNA were evaluated. The results showed that direct feeding with miR‐14 at high concentration had no significant effects on the biological parameters of Co. chilonis , whereas when miR‐14 was injected into Ch. suppressalis ‐parasitized larvae, the development duration of Co. chilonis was significantly affected. In combination with the real conditions of the rice paddy field, it could be inferred that transgenic miR‐14 rice has no significant negative effects on the important non‐target parasitoid, Co. chilonis . These results will provide a foundation for the establishment of a new safety evaluation system for novel RNAi‐based transgenic plants.