microRNA‐125b‐5p alleviated CCI‐induced neuropathic pain and modulated neuroinflammation via targeting SOX11

Abstract Background Increasing evidence demonstrated the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the onset and development of neuropathic pain (NP). Exploring the molecular mechanism underlying NP and identifying key molecules could provide potential targets for the therapy of NP. The function and mechanism of miR‐125b‐5p in regulating NP have been studied, aiming to find a potential therapeutic target for NP. Methods NP rat models were established by the chronic constriction injury (CCI) method. The paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency were assessed to evaluate the establishment and recovery of rats. Highly aggressive proliferating immortalized (HAPI) micoglia cell, a rat microglia cell line, was treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The M1/M2 polarization and inflammation were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. Results Decreasing miR‐125b‐5p and increasing SOX11 were observed in CCI rats and LPS‐induced HAPI cells. Overexpressing miR‐125b‐5p alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia and suppressed inflammation in CCI rats. LPS induced M1 polarization and inflammation of HAPI cells, which was attenuated by miR‐125b‐5p overexpression. miR‐125‐5p negatively regulated the expression of SOX11 in CCI rats and LPS‐induced HAPI cells. Overexpressing SOX11 reversed the protective effects of miR‐125b‐5p on mechanical pain in CCI rats and the polarization and inflammation in HAPI cells, which was considered the mechanism underlying miR‐125b‐5p. Conclusion miR‐125b‐5p showed a protective effect on NP by regulating inflammation and polarization of microglia via negatively modulating SOX11.