Tailoring buried interface of tin oxide-based n-i-p perovskite solar cells via bidirectional and multifunctional metal ion chelating agent modification

For the n-i-p perovskite solar cells hiring tin oxide (SnO 2 ) as electron transporting material, the buried interface (SnO 2 /perovskite interface) acts as the working interface and growth substrate of the perovskite crystal simultaneously.