[Techniques and classification of intersphincteric resection for ultra-low rectal cancer].

ISR is the most widely used anal-preserving operation for ultra-low rectal cancer. It can be divided into total ISR, subtotal ISR and partial ISR according to the resection range of internal sphincter. The advantage of ISR is that it can preserve the sphincter while ensuring the safety of oncology for ultra-low rectal cancer, representing the state of the art. However, it still needs to face the problem that the quality of life will decline due to poor postoperative anal function. The conformal sphincter-preserving operation (CSPO) is a functional anal-preserving surgery improved on the basis of ISR. It is superior to ISR in the postoperative anal function and patients' quality of life. So it can be a new choice for ultra-low rectal cancer.经括约肌间切除术（ISR）是目前应用最为广泛的极低位直肠癌保肛术式。按内括约肌的切除范围可将ISR分为完全ISR、次全ISR和部分ISR。ISR的最大优势在于能够在确保肿瘤学安全的基础上完成极低位保肛，是目前理想的低位保肛术式。但其术后仍需面临因肛门功能不佳导致患者生活质量下降的问题。适形保肛手术（CSPO）是在 ISR基础上改进后而提出的功能性保肛术式，在术后肛门功能和患者生活质量评估上优于ISR，可作为极低位保肛手术的新选择。.