MXene-based hybrid materials for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical H2 generation

The conversion of solar energy to produce clean hydrogen fuel through water splitting is an emerging strategy for efficiently storing solar energy in the form of solar fuel. This aligns with the increasing global demand for the development of an ideal energy alternative to fossil fuels that does not emit greenhouse gases. Electrochemical (EC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting technologies have garnered significant attention worldwide for advanced hydrogen solar fuel production in recent decades. To achieve sustainable green H2 production, it is essential to create efficient catalyst materials that are low-cost and can replace expensive noble metal-based catalysts. These characteristics make them an ideal catalyst material for the process. Two-dimensional MXenes with Mn+1Xn structure have been identified as a promising option for EC and PEC water splitting due to their superior hydrophilicity, metal-like conductivity, large surface area, and adjustable surface chemistry. Here, we present a summary of recent advancements in the synthesis and performance enhancement methods for MXene hybrid materials in hydrogen production through EC and PEC water splitting. Furthermore, we examine the challenges and insights associated with the rational design of MXene-based hybrid materials to facilitate efficient water splitting for sustainable solar fuel production.