Clinical outcomes and risk factor analysis of dental implants inserted with lateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation: A 3‐ to 8‐year retrospective study

Abstract Aim To evaluate the 3‐ to 8‐year outcomes of dental implants placed with lateral sinus floor augmentation (LSFA) and to identify factors affecting implant survival. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was performed by screening all implants placed with LSFA procedures, which were conducted between January 2012 and December 2016. Subantral bone gain (SABG) and apical bone height (ABH) were assessed using panoramic radiographs. The cumulative survival rate of implants was analysed using life‐table analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival curves. The influential risk factors affecting survival were assessed using univariate log‐rank tests and multivariable mixture cure rate model. Implant complications were recorded. Results Based on the established criteria, a total of 449 patients (760 implants) were included in this study. In the 3‐ to 8‐year follow‐up (mean ± SD, 5.81 ± 1.33 years), 15 implants in 14 patients failed, with a CRS of 96.81% on an implant basis and 95.07% on a patient basis. A history of periodontitis and poor compliance with supportive periodontal treatment was associated with a significantly higher risk of implant failure at both implant and patient levels. Significant decreases in ABH occurred during each yearly interval except for 3 years. A similar trend has been observed for SABG at 1, 2, 6 and 8 years. The total complication rate was 31.84% on implant basis, with peri‐implant mucositis (21.58%) being the most frequent biologic complication and porcelain cracking (5.00%) being the most common technical complication. Conclusions Implant with LSFA is a reliable treatment option in atrophic maxilla. A history of periodontitis without regular supportive periodontal treatment was identified as a predictor for implant failure. Slight but significant shrinkage of vertically augmented bone can be observed after implant placement.