Interaction of amyloid beta with phospholipid bilayer characterized by AFM

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects approximately 2% of Americans and has seen a concerning rise in mortality over the past two decades. AD is characterized by multiple pathologies, with amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation at the center. Physiologically, Aβ aggregates are formed within low nanomolar to picomolar concentrations, but this self-assembly has only been observed in vitro in concentrations several orders of magnitude higher. Recent research highlights the pivotal role of surface interactions, particularly with cell membranes, in catalyzing Aβ aggregation under physiological conditions.