Nicotinic acid additive with a double regulating mechanism for high-performance aqueous zinc ion batteries

Trace nicotinic acid (NA) can not only change the solvation structure of Zn 2+ , but also preferentially adsorbs on the Zn anode to reduce the side reactions and inhibit Zn dendrites. Zn‖Zn cells with NA can operate for 5200 h at 1 mA cm −2 .