Nanoparticles Based on Prussian Blue for Biosensor Applications: A Review

In this review, the latest progress in Prussian blue (PB)-based nanoparticles (NPs) in biosensor applications is discussed. PB-based NPs are iron-based and have mild synthesis conditions. Their application in biosensors mainly depends on their excellent physical and chemical properties, such as their good peroxidase activity. PB-based NPs have a conjugate structure, which strongly absorbs near-infrared light and converts it into heat energy, thereby enhancing their photothermal performance. As the active center, the iron atom has good electrochemical reversibility and excellent electrocatalytic activity owing to its different valence states. The application of PB-based NPs in biosensing has attracted considerable research attention. In this review, the existing synthesis methods of PB-based NPs are summarized. According to the physical and chemical properties of PB-based NPs, their research status in the fields of optical, photothermal, and electrochemical sensors is reviewed in detail. Finally, the development prospects of PB-based NPs are discussed, providing references for their synthesis and application in biosensors.