Human thermal comfort in kitchen with different ventilation modes based on a coupled CFD and thermoregulation model

Kitchen ventilation is crucial in effective removal of pollutants and heat in the enclosed kitchens to ensure occupants' thermal comfort and health. However, mechanical ventilation systems, such as range hoods and make-up air systems, often create non-uniform and dynamic thermal conditions, posing challenges for traditional comfort metrics. In response, this study utilizes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) coupled with a human thermoregulation model to evaluate the thermal comfort across various kitchen ventilation modes. Our findings reveal significant non-uniformity in indoor thermal environments surrounding the occupant, with differences in ambient temperature reaching 14.2°C and air velocity up to 0.64 m/s, directly impacting occupants' comfort. Notably, mechanical ventilation employing air curtains for make-up air surpasses natural methods, enhancing overall thermal sensation by 42% and reducing mean drought rates by 70% during winter. Additionally, ceiling supply systems improve upper body comfort in summer, offering personalized thermal comfort solutions, and achieves optimal thermal comfort conditions at a make-up air temperature of 25 °C. This research contributes valuable insights into selecting appropriate ventilation strategies for residential kitchens, thereby promoting occupants' well-being and health.