Southern Ocean drives multidecadal atmospheric CO 2 rise during Heinrich Stadials

镫骨肌 海洋学 西风带 气候学 地质学 南半球 上升流 大气环流 气候突变 洋流 温盐循环 冰芯 生物硅 气候变化 全球变暖 全新世 全球变暖的影响 硅藻
作者
Kathleen A. Wendt,Christoph Nehrbass‐Ahles,Kyle Niezgoda,David Noone,Michael Kalk,Laurie Menviel,Julia Gottschalk,James Rae,J. H. M. M. Schmitt,Hubertus Fischer,Thomas F. Stocker,Juan Muglia,David Ferreira,Shaun A. Marcott,Edward J. Brook,Christo Buizert
出处
期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]
卷期号:121 (21) 被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2319652121
摘要

The last glacial period was punctuated by cold intervals in the North Atlantic region that culminated in extensive iceberg discharge events. These cold intervals, known as Heinrich Stadials, are associated with abrupt climate shifts worldwide. Here, we present CO 2 measurements from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide ice core across Heinrich Stadials 2 to 5 at decadal-scale resolution. Our results reveal multi-decadal-scale jumps in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations within each Heinrich Stadial. The largest magnitude of change (14.0 ± 0.8 ppm within 55 ± 10 y) occurred during Heinrich Stadial 4. Abrupt rises in atmospheric CO 2 are concurrent with jumps in atmospheric CH 4 and abrupt changes in the water isotopologs in multiple Antarctic ice cores, the latter of which suggest rapid warming of both Antarctica and Southern Ocean vapor source regions. The synchroneity of these rapid shifts points to wind-driven upwelling of relatively warm, carbon-rich waters in the Southern Ocean, likely linked to a poleward intensification of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds. Using an isotope-enabled atmospheric circulation model, we show that observed changes in Antarctic water isotopologs can be explained by abrupt and widespread Southern Ocean warming. Our work presents evidence for a multi-decadal- to century-scale response of the Southern Ocean to changes in atmospheric circulation, demonstrating the potential for dynamic changes in Southern Ocean biogeochemistry and circulation on human timescales. Furthermore, it suggests that anthropogenic CO 2 uptake in the Southern Ocean may weaken with poleward strengthening westerlies today and into the future.

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