Optimal treatment strategy and prognostic analysis for hypopharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma patients with T3-T4 or node-positive: A population-based study

PurposeTo explore the optimal treatment strategy and relevant prognostic analysis for hypopharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma patients (HSCC) with T3-T4 or node-positive.Methods and materialsFrom 2004 to 2018, data for 2574 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER) and 66 patients treated at our center from 2013 to 2022 with T3-T4 or N + HSCC were collected. Patients in the SEER cohort were randomly assigned to the training set or validation set at a 7:3 ratio. Variables with statistically significant (P < 0.05) in univariate COX regression analysis or clinical significance were included in the multivariate COX regression model and subsequently used to construct the nomogram.ResultsThe 3-year OS (52.9%vs44.4%, P < 0.01) and 3-year CSS rate (58.7%vs51.5%, P < 0.01) rates in the surgery combined with postoperative adjuvant therapy (S + ADT) group were superior to the radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy (CRT) group. The multivariate Cox regression analysis of the training group showed that age, race, marital status, primary site, T stage, N stage, and treatment modalities were correlated with OS and CSS. Based on those variables, we constructed nomograms for OS and CSS. Both the internal and external validation showed high prediction accuracy of the nomogram.ConclusionAmong patients with T3-T4 or node-positive, S + ADT was associated with superior OS and CSS compared to those treated with primary CRT, while the survival rate in the CRT group was comparable to S + ADT group in T2-T3 disease. The internal and external verification shows that the prognostic model has good discrimination ability and accuracy.