Silibinin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide Induced Inflammation in Porcine Mammary Epithelial Cells via mTOR/NF‐κB Signaling Pathway

Scope Inflammatory responses reduce milk production in lactating sow. Silymarin (Silibinin is main component) reduces the inflammatory reaction and increases milk yield in lactating sow in the previous study. In the present study, silibinin may be a previously unrecognized nutrients in inflammatory resolution in porcine mammary epithelial cells (PMECs) is hypothesized. Methods and results PMECs are treated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the absence or presence of silibinin to test cell viability, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, cellular inflammatory factors, and signaling protein phosphorylation and expression. Silibinin promotes the proliferation of PMEC independent of the estrogen pathway. In LPS‐induced damage of PMECs, silibinin protects cell proliferation, as well as reduced cell apoptosis. Silibinin reverses the LPS‐induced increase in tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) expression compared with control. In addition, silibinin accentuates the LPS‐induced decrease in the key proteins phosphorylated‐ribosomal protein S6 (p‐S6) and phosphorylated‐mammalian target of rapamycin (p‐mTOR) of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Furthermore, silibinin reverses the increase in phosphorylated‐nuclear factor‐kappa B p65 (p‐NF‐κB p65), phosphorylated‐Ikappab‐alpha (p‐IκB‐α), and phosphorylated‐Mitogen‐activated protein kinase p38 (p‐MAPK p38) expression in LPS‐induced damage in PMECs. Conclusion This study highlights silibinin‐mTOR/NF‐κB axis plays an important role in the control of inflammation in PMECs, and suggests that silibinin may be an effective dietary strategy to alleviate the inflammatory response in lactating sow.