In-Situ Spectroelectrochemistry in Li-O2 Batteries

Aprotic lithium-oxygen battery has arguably become one of the most active new frontiers in energy storage systems in past decades. Aided by recent advances in highly sensitive in situ spectroelectrochemical techniques, a deepened mechanism understanding on the Li-O 2 chemistry during battery charge/discharge has been achieved, shedding light on potential optimization strategies to further improve the energy capabilities of Li–O 2 batteries. This article summarizes recent experimental efforts aimed at assessing the dynamic battery reactions at molecular level, including in situ electrochemical vibrational spectroscopies of Raman and FT-IR, and quantitative differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy approaches.