锰
尖晶石
钴
电化学
锂(药物)
阴极
兴奋剂
离子
掺杂剂
材料科学
离子电导率
氧气
电导率
析氧
氧化物
无机化学
化学工程
化学
电极
冶金
光电子学
电解质
物理化学
有机化学
内分泌学
工程类
医学
作者
Panawan Vanaphuti,Sungyool Bong,Lu Ma,Steven N. Ehrlich,Yan Wang
出处
期刊:ACS applied energy materials
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2020-04-22
卷期号:3 (5): 4852-4859
被引量:27
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsaem.0c00439
摘要
Regardless of the appealingly high energy density (1000 Wh kg–1) of the lithium–manganese-rich layered oxide cathode (LMR-NMO), this material still suffers from rapid capacity and voltage decay after continuous cycling. LMR-NMO involves the redox reaction of both transition metals and oxygen to gain additional capacity in comparison with a conventional NMC cathode. Due to the use of a high voltage range (beyond 4.4 V), the oxygen release from the structure initiates and in turn generates intergranular cracks and spinel formation, consequently, into rock-salt structure. Here, LMR-NMO with different doping ranges (1–5 mol %) of F, S, and Cl are being examined to summarize the benefits and drawbacks of each anion. This study shows that F is the best candidate as it increases average voltage (voltage retention 96–97% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C), improves ionic conductivity (nearly two times higher than pristine), reduces cation mixing, minimizes oxygen release, and offers high stability during high temperature cycle. However, for S and Cl, the results are conflicted. An optimal amount of anion dopants should be considered as the side effects might overcome the benefits when the doping amount is excessive.
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