Revealing structural evolution of PbS nanocrystal catalysts in electrochemical CO2 reduction using in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction

In situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction studies reveal reaction environment-induced PbS–PbCO₃–Pb evolution under eCO₂RR conditions. The produced Pb nanocatalyst exhibits 97.6% FE (−1.2 V) and 74.9 mA mg_Pb⁻¹ MA (−1.4 V).