Safe Limit of Shortening of the Spinal Cord in Thoracolumbar Bivertebral Column Resections: An Experimental Study in Goats

To clarify the safe limit of shortening of the spinal cord in thoracolumbar bivertebral column resection in a goat model.Ten healthy goats were selected for the experiment. Radiographs were taken before surgery to measure the height of T13, L1, and the initial osteotomy segment (distance from the lower end plate of T12 to the upper end plate of L2). A procedure of thoracolumbar bivertebral column resection (T13 and L1) was completed under the monitoring of somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring. The SSEP measured after vertebral resection was set as the baseline. SSEPs decreased by 50% from the baseline amplitude and/or delayed by 10% relative to the baseline peak latency were set as positive results, indicating spinal cord injury. The initial height of the osteotomy gap was measured first and the spinal column was gradually shortened until the SSEP monitoring did not show a positive result. Then the height of the osteotomy gap was recorded again. The safe limit of shortening was measured and recorded when any morphologic change of the spinal cord was observed. Hindlimb function was evaluated by the Tarlov scores on day 2 postoperatively.The safe limit of shortening of the spinal cord in thoracolumbar bivertebral columns resection was 35.2 ± 2.6 mm, which was roughly equal to 127.6% of the mean osteotomy vertebral height and 57.1% of the initial osteotomy gap height. Pearson correlation test showed that the safe limit of shortening of the spinal cord was correlated with the height of T13, the height of L1, the mean height of T13 and L1, and the height of the initial osteotomy gap.The safe limit of shortening distance of the bivertebral column resection was roughly equal to 127.6% of the mean osteotomy vertebral height and 57.1% of the initial osteotomy gap height with good correlation. Moreover, the safe limit of shortening distance of the bivertebral column resection was longer than that in single vertebral column resection. Increasing the number of vertebrae resected may prevent spinal cord injury because of excessive shortening.