Pathogenic factors associated with tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease with pathological anatomy of ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy.At present, the success rate of surgical repair of TOF has been significantly improved, but there is risk of complications after surgery.The study of the pathogenesis of TOF is important for disease prevention and genetic counseling.The etiological mechanism of TOF is multifactorial.It has been reported that NKX2-5, Jagged-1, GATA-4, TBX1 are associated with TOF.Exposure during pregnancy, including harmful environmental exposure, diseases and infections, and lack of key nutritional factors can also increase the risk of morbidity.This article focuses on the progress of research on pathogenic factors associated with TOF. Key words: Tetralogy of Fallot; Pathogenesis; Genetics; Environmental factor