Association of Acute Procedural Results With Long-Term Outcomes After CTO PCI.

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the association of procedural outcomes with long-term mortality and myocardial infarction (MI) after chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background The association between acute procedural results and subsequent outcomes has received limited study. Methods Between January 2010 and December 2013, a total of 2,659 CTO PCI patients were consecutively enrolled. Procedural results were categorized into 3 groups: 1) optimal recanalization, with reperfusion of the occluded vessel and side branches (if any) with TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) flow grade 3; 2) suboptimal recanalization, meeting any of the following criteria: persistence of significant side branch occlusion, final TIMI flow grade 1 or 2, or residual percentage diameter stenosis >30%; and 3) procedural failure (i.e., failure to cross a lesion with a balloon angioplasty catheter). The primary outcome was the 5-year composite endpoint of cardiac death and MI. Results Overall, optimal recanalization was achieved in 1,562 patients (58.7%), suboptimal recanalization was achieved in 399 patients (15.0%), and recanalization failed in 698 patients (26.3%). The 5-year incidence of the primary outcome was significantly higher in the suboptimal recanalization group compared with the optimal recanalization and the failure groups (10.1% vs. 6.5% vs. 6.3%; p = 0.046), which was driven mainly by higher risk for MI. In subgroup analysis, significant side branch occlusion was associated with numerically higher risk for 5-year MI (hazard ratio: 1.55; 95% confidence interval: 0.99 to 2.43; p = 0.054). Conclusions In this large cohort of CTO PCI patients, suboptimal recanalization was associated with significantly higher long-term incidence of cardiac death and MI compared with optimal recanalization or procedural failure.