Effects of biochars on the availability of heavy metals to ryegrass in an alkaline contaminated soil

化学 环境化学 土壤水分 重金属 生物量(生态学) 污染 土壤污染 萃取(化学) 农学 环境科学 土壤科学 生态学 色谱法 生物 有机化学
作者
Guixiang Zhang,Xiangfeng Guo,Zhihua Zhao,Qiusheng He,Shuifeng Wang,Yuen Zhu,Yulong Yan,Xitao Liu,Ke Sun,Ye Zhao,Tianwei Qian
出处
期刊:Environmental Pollution [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:218: 513-522 被引量:121
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.031
摘要

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of biochars on the availability of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) to ryegrass in an alkaline contaminated soil. Biochars only slightly decreased or even increased the availability of heavy metals assesses by chemical extractant (a mixture of 0.05 mol L-1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium, 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2, and 0.1 mol L-1 triethanolamine). The significantly positive correlation between most chemical-extractable heavy metals and the ash content in biochars indicated the positive role of ash in this extraction. Biochars significantly reduced the plant uptake of heavy metals, excluding Mn. The absence of a positive correlation between the chemical-extractable heavy metals and the plant uptake counterparts (except for Mn) indicates that chemical extractability is probably not a reliable indicator to predict the phytoavailability of most heavy metals in alkaline soils treated with biochars. The obviously negative correlation between the plant uptake of heavy metals (except for Mn) and the (O + N)/C and H/C indicates that biochars with more polar groups, which were produced at lower temperatures, had higher efficiency for reducing the phytoavailability of heavy metals. The significantly negative correlations between the plant uptake of Mn and ryegrass biomass indicated the "dilution effect" caused by the improvement of biomass. These observations will be helpful for designing biochars as soil amendments to reduce the availability of heavy metals to plants in soils, especially in alkaline soils.
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