Materials discovery at high pressures

超导电性 氮化硼 高压 纳米技术 材料科学 钻石 工程物理 物理 凝聚态物理 复合材料
作者
Lijun Zhang,Yanchao Wang,Jian Lv,Yanming Ma
出处
期刊:Nature Reviews Materials [Nature Portfolio]
卷期号:2 (4) 被引量:604
标识
DOI:10.1038/natrevmats.2017.5
摘要

Pressure is a fundamental thermodynamic variable that can be used to control the properties of materials, because it reduces interatomic distances and profoundly modifies electronic orbitals and bonding patterns. It is thus a versatile tool for the creation of exotic materials not accessible at ambient conditions. Recently developed static and dynamic high-pressure experimental techniques have led to the synthesis of many functional materials with excellent performance: for example, superconductors, superhard materials and high-energy-density materials. Some of these advances have been aided and accelerated by first-principles crystal-structure searching simulations. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in high-pressure materials discovery, placing particular emphasis on the record high-temperature superconductivity in hydrogen sulfide and on nanotwinned cubic boron nitride and diamond, the hardest known materials. Energy materials and exotic chemical materials obtained under high pressures are also discussed. The main drawback of high-pressure materials is their destabilization after pressure release; this problem and its possible solutions are surveyed in the conclusions, which also provide an outlook on the future developments in the field. High pressure offers a unique degree of freedom for the creation of new materials, leading to new superconductors, superhard materials, high-energy-density materials and exotic chemical materials with unprecedented properties. This Review discusses these materials, along with recently developed theoretical and experimental methods for materials discovery at high pressures.
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