内分泌系统
生理学
脂肪组织
怀孕
生殖系统
乳腺癌
医学
内分泌学
致癌物
二羟基化合物
生物信息学
生物
激素
癌症
内科学
双酚A
化学
环氧树脂
有机化学
遗传学
作者
Monica Giulivo,Miren López de Alda,E. Capri,Damià Barceló
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.011
摘要
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are released into the environment from different sources. They are mainly used in packaging industries, pesticides and food constituents. Clinical evidence, experimental models, and epidemiological studies suggest that EDCs have major risks for humans by targeting different organs and systems in the body (e.g. reproductive system, breast tissue, adipose tissue, pancreas, etc.). Due to the ubiquity of human exposure to these compounds the aim of this review is to describe the most recent data on the effects induced by phthalates, bisphenol A and parabens in a critical window of exposure: in utero, during pregnancy, infants, and children. The interactions and mechanisms of toxicity of EDCs in relation to human general health problems, especially those broadening the term of endocrine disruption to ‘metabolic disruption’, should be deeply investigated. These include endocrine disturbances, with particular reference to reproductive problems and breast, testicular and ovarian cancers, and metabolic diseases such as obesity or diabetes.
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