Review of hydrogen safety during storage, transmission, and applications processes

Hydrogen is considered an excellent clean fuel with potential applications in several fields. There are serious safety concerns associated with the hydrogen process. These concerns need to be thoroughly understood and addressed to ensure its safe operation. To better understand the safety challenges of hydrogen use, application, and process, it is essential to undertake a detailed risk analysis. This can be achieved by performing detailed consequence modellings and assessing risk using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. This study comprehensively reviews and analyses safety challenges related to hydrogen, focusing on hydrogen storage, transmission, and application processes. Range of release and dispersion scenarios are investigated to analyse associated hazards. Approaches to quantitative risk assessment are also briefly discussed. • The most hazardous hydrogen scenario occur in the transmission and application process. • Hydrogen jet fire and explosion are the key hazard components for compressed hydrogen. • Accidental release of liquid hydrogen causes flash evaporation and evaporation that may cause pool fire. • CFD simulations are reliable tools for hydrogen safety assessment.