Matched field source localization with Gaussian processes

For a sparsely observed acoustic field, Gaussian processes can predict a densely sampled field on the array. The prediction quality depends on the choice of a kernel and a set of hyperparameters. Gaussian processes are applied to source localization in the ocean in combination with matched-field processing. Compared to conventional processing, the denser sampling of the predicted field across the array reduces the ambiguity function sidelobes. As the noise level increases, the Gaussian process-based processor has a distinctly higher probability of correct localization than conventional processing, due to both denoising and denser field prediction.