Overview of Silk Fibroin Use in Wound Dressings

The growing field of tissue engineering has introduced remarkable wound dressings based on natural polymers. The unique properties of SF, such as its biocompatibility, biodegradability, high water and oxygen uptake, low immunogenicity, and robust mechanical properties, make it an exceptional choice for wound healing. Scaffolds containing different growth factors and signaling molecules are preferable for wound regeneration because they can interact with cells and consequently enhance cell behavior during the healing process. Despite the successful use of SF in wound dressings, it is not yet approved as an artificial skin. Recently, biomimetic wound dressings were introduced as potential replacements for treating skin injuries. Although there are some clinically available skin replacements, the range of wound types and locations necessitates a broader range of options for the clinic. Natural polymeric-based dressings are of central interest in this area due to their outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and non-allergenic nature. Among them, silk fibroin (SF) has exceptional characteristics as a wound dressing. SF-based dressings can also be used as carriers for delivering drugs, growth factors, and bioactive agents to the wound area, while providing appropriate support for complete healing. In this review, we describe recent advances in the development of SF-based wound dressings for skin regeneration. Recently, biomimetic wound dressings were introduced as potential replacements for treating skin injuries. Although there are some clinically available skin replacements, the range of wound types and locations necessitates a broader range of options for the clinic. Natural polymeric-based dressings are of central interest in this area due to their outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and non-allergenic nature. Among them, silk fibroin (SF) has exceptional characteristics as a wound dressing. SF-based dressings can also be used as carriers for delivering drugs, growth factors, and bioactive agents to the wound area, while providing appropriate support for complete healing. In this review, we describe recent advances in the development of SF-based wound dressings for skin regeneration. ability of biomaterials to interact with living cells and tissues without causing toxicity and immunogenicity. ability of biomaterials to decompose over time via chemical, physical, and enzymatic degradation. movement of leukocytes from the circulatory system towards the injured or defected site of tissue. Monocytes also use this process during their development into macrophages. method that applies electric force to form nanometer fibers from a polymeric solution. type of skin cell that synthesizes ECM, collagen, and the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and also has a critical role in wound healing. Fibroblasts are the most common cells in animal connective tissues. process that stops bleeding and keeps blood within a damaged vessel. It involves coagulation and blood changing from a liquid to a gel. ability of biomaterials to stimulate a humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response in the host. a stage of complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli. It is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators that leads to heat, pain, redness, and swelling. comprising ∼95% of cells in the epidermis, these are cells that form a self-renewing stratified squamous epithelium that differentiates from cuboidal shaped cells in the basal layer to flat, anucleate cells in stratum corneum layer. cells derived from monocytes, with the ability to engulf cellular debris, foreign substances, and microbes. They have various forms (with various names) throughout the body, including histiocytes, Kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, and microglia. a water-soluble derivative of cellulose with a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl formulation that is suitable for fabricating nanofibers.