Effects of adropin on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and rat primary preadipocytes

Adropin is a protein encoded by Energy Homeostasis Associated (Enho) gene which is expressed mainly in the liver and brain. There is evidence that biological effects of adropin are mediated via GPR19 activation. Animal studies showed that adropin modulates adiposity as well as lipid and glucose homeostasis. Adropin deficient animals have a phenotype closely resembling that of human metabolic syndrome with are obesity dyslipidemia and impaired glucose production. Animals treated with exogenous adropin lose weight, in addition to having reduced expression of lipogenic genes in the liver and fat tissue. While it was shown that adropin may contribute to energy homeostasis and body weight regulation, the role of this protein in controlling fat tissue formation is largely unknown. Thus, in the present study we investigated the effects of adropin on adipogenesis using 3T3-L1 cells and rat primary preadipocytes. We found a low Enho mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 cells and rat primary preadipocytes. Adropin stimulated proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells and rat primary preadipocytes. Stimulation of 3T3-L1 cell proliferation was mediated via ERK1/2 and AKT. Adropin reduced lipid accumulation as well as expression of proadipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 cells and rat preadipocytes, suggesting that this protein attenuates differentiation of preadipocytes into mature fat cells. In summary, these results show that adropin modulates proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes.