Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring

1. Introduction SECTION I: PRINCIPLES OF INTRAOPERATIVE NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING 2. Basis of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring 3. Generation of electrical activity in the nervous system and muscles 4. Practical aspects of recording evoked activity from nerves, fiber tracts and nuclei References to Section I SECTION II: SENSORY SYSTEMS 5. Anatomy and physiology of sensory systems 6. Monitoring somatosensory evoked potentials 7. Monitoring auditory evoked potentials 8. Monitoring visual evoked potentials References to Section II SECTION III: MOTOR SYSTEMS 9. Anatomy and physiology of motor systems 10. Practical aspects of monitoring spinal motor systems 11. Practical aspects of monitoring cranial motor nerves References to Section III SECTION IV: PERIPHERAL NERVES 12. Anatomy and physiology of peripheral nerves 13. Practical aspects of monitoring peripheral nerves References to Section IV SECTION V: INTRAOPERATIVE RECORDINGS THAT CAN GUIDE THE SURGEON IN THE OPERATION 14. Identification of specific neural tissue 15. Intraoperative diagnosis and guidance in an operation References to Section V SECTION VI: PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC RECORDING IN THE OPERATING ROOM 16. Anesthesia and its constraints in monitoring motor and sensory systems 17. General considerations about intraoperative neurophysiological and monitoring 18. Equipment, recording technique and data analysis and stimulation 19. Evaluating the benefits of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring