The backfire effect after correcting misinformation is strongly associated with reliability.

误传 心理学 可靠性(半导体) 心理信息 新颖性 考试(生物学) 社会心理学 差异(会计) 认知心理学 计算机科学 梅德林 计算机安全 政治学 功率(物理) 古生物学 法学 业务 会计 物理 生物 量子力学
作者
Briony Swire‐Thompson,Nicholas Miklaucic,John Wihbey,David Lazer,Joseph DeGutis
出处
期刊:Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 卷期号:151 (7): 1655-1665 被引量:44
标识
DOI:10.1037/xge0001131
摘要

The backfire effect is when a correction increases belief in the very misconception it is attempting to correct, and it is often used as a reason not to correct misinformation. The current study aimed to test whether correcting misinformation increases belief more than a no-correction control. Furthermore, we aimed to examine whether item-level differences in backfire rates were associated with test-retest reliability or theoretically meaningful factors. These factors included worldview-related attributes, including perceived importance and strength of precorrection belief, and familiarity-related attributes, including perceived novelty and the illusory truth effect. In 2 nearly identical experiments, we conducted a longitudinal pre/post design with N = 388 and 532 participants. Participants rated 21 misinformation items and were assigned to a correction condition or test-retest control. We found that no items backfired more in the correction condition compared to test-retest control or initial belief ratings. Item backfire rates were strongly negatively correlated with item reliability (ρ = -.61/-.73) and did not correlate with worldview-related attributes. Familiarity-related attributes were significantly correlated with backfire rate, though they did not consistently account for unique variance beyond reliability. While there have been previous papers highlighting the nonreplicable nature of backfire effects, the current findings provide a potential mechanism for this poor replicability. It is crucial for future research into backfire effects to use reliable measures, report the reliability of their measures, and take reliability into account in analyses. Furthermore, fact-checkers and communicators should not avoid giving corrective information due to backfire concerns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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