Surface Physicochemistry Modification and Structural Nanoarchitectures of g‐C3N4 for Wastewater Remediation and Solar Fuel Generation

Abstract The use of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C 3 N 4 ) has been widely explored in multiple photocatalytic applications. The design and fabrication of g‐C 3 N 4 are heavily influenced by its overall activity, whereby optical and electronic properties dictate the performance of g‐C 3 N 4 . Surface and chemical structural modifications are discussed in length to enhance photocatalytic g‐C 3 N 4 . Facile preparation of g‐C 3 N 4 eases structural engineering at a molecular level. This review highlights and recapitulates recent progress on the strategies to enhance both structural and chemical properties of the g‐C 3 N 4 structure via surface functionalization and grafting, defect creation, elemental doping, covalent bonding with nonmetal and heterojunction interfacial formation. The emerging applications of g‐C 3 N 4 in numerous photocatalytic reactions are discussed. The significance of g‐C 3 N 4 ‐based photocatalyst in various photocatalytic reactions signifies the imminent progress of frontier technologies. Thus, it is integral to overcome lurking challenges and devise superactive photocatalytic activity at a molecular level for sustainable environmental and energy‐related applications.