Preparation of Organ Scaffolds by Decellularization of Pancreas and Re-functionalization

Abstract Extracellular matrix of each tissue is unique in composition, architecture and finer details that support the very identity of the organ by regulating the status/character of the cells within it. Tissue engineering centers around creating a niche similar to the natural one, with a purpose of developing an organ/oid. In this study, whole organ decellularization of pancreas was attempted followed by reseeding it with adult mesenchymal stem cells. Decellularization completely removes cells leaving behind extracellular matrix rich scaffold. After reseeding, mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into pancreas specific cells. Upon transplantation of recellularized pancreas in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice, this organ was capable of restoring its histomorphology and normal functioning. Restoration of endocrine islets, the exocrine acinar region, and vascular network was seen in transplanted pancreas. The entire process of functional recovery took about 20 days when the mice demonstrated glucoregulation, though none achieved gluconormalization. Transplanted mice upon feeding show insulin and c-peptide in circulation. This process demonstrates that natural scaffolds of soft organs can be refunctionalized using recipients cells to counter immune problems arising due to organ transplantation.