气味
表皮葡萄球菌
生物
微生物群
葡萄球菌
细菌
微生物学
金黄色葡萄球菌
生物信息学
遗传学
神经科学
作者
Tze Hau Lam,Davide Verzotto,Purbita Brahma,Amanda Hui Qi Ng,Ping Hu,Dan Schnell,Jay P. Tiesman,Rong Kong,Thi My Uyen Ton,Jianjun Li,May Ong,Yang Lu,David F. Swaile,Ping Liu,Jiquan Liu,Niranjan Nagarajan
出处
期刊:Microbiome
[Springer Nature]
日期:2018-11-29
卷期号:6 (1)
被引量:60
标识
DOI:10.1186/s40168-018-0588-z
摘要
Even though human sweat is odorless, bacterial growth and decomposition of specific odor precursors in it is believed to give rise to body odor in humans. While mechanisms of odor generation have been widely studied in adults, little is known for teenagers and pre-pubescent children who have distinct sweat composition from immature apocrine and sebaceous glands, but are arguably more susceptible to the social and psychological impact of malodor. We integrated information from whole microbiome analysis of multiple skin sites (underarm, neck, and head) and multiple time points (1 h and 8 h after bath), analyzing 180 samples in total to perform the largest metagenome-wide association study to date on malodor. Significant positive correlations were observed between odor intensity and the relative abundance of Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Cutibacterium avidum, as well as negative correlation with Acinetobacter schindleri and Cutibacterium species. Metabolic pathway analysis highlighted the association of isovaleric and acetic acid production (sour odor) from enriched S. epidermidis (teen underarm) and S. hominis (child neck) enzymes and sulfur production from Staphylococcus species (teen underarm) with odor intensity, in good agreement with observed odor characteristics in pre-pubescent children and teenagers. Experiments with cultures on human and artificial sweat confirmed the ability of S. hominis and S. epidermidis to independently produce malodor with distinct odor characteristics. These results showcase the power of skin metagenomics to study host-microbial co-metabolic interactions, identifying distinct pathways for odor generation from sweat in pre-pubescent children and teenagers and highlighting key enzymatic targets for intervention.
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