In Situ Armoring: A Robust, High-Wettability, and Fire-Resistant Hybrid Separator for Advanced and Safe Batteries

Development of nonflammable separators with excellent properties is in urgent need by next-generation advanced and safe energy storage devices. However, it has been extremely challenging to simultaneously achieve fire resistance, high mechanical strength, good thermomechanical stability, and low ion-transport resistance for polymeric separators. Herein, to address all these needs, we report an in situ formed silica@silica-imbedded polyimide (in situ SiO₂@(PI/SiO₂)) nanofabric as a new high-performance inorganic-organic hybrid separator. Different from conventional ceramics-modified separators, this in situ SiO₂@(PI/SiO₂) hybrid separator is realized for the first time via an inverse in situ hydrolysis process. Benefiting from the in situ formed silica nanoshell, the in situ SiO₂@(PI/SiO₂) hybrid separator shows the highest tensile strength of 42 MPa among all reported nanofiber-based separators, excellent wettability to the electrolyte, good thermomechanical stability at 300 °C, and fire resistance. The LiFePO₄ half-cell assembled with this hybrid separator showed a high capacity of 139 mAh·g^-1@5C, which is much higher than that of the battery with the pristine PI separator (126.2 mAh·g^-1@5C) and Celgard-2400 separator (95.1 mAh·g^-1@5C). More importantly, the battery showed excellent cycling stability with no capacity decay over 100 cycles at the high temperature of 120 °C. This study provides a novel method for the fabrication of high-performance and nonflammable polymeric-inorganic hybrid battery separators.