The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

医学环境卫生可归因风险疾病负担疾病负担癌症风险评估潜在生命损失数年疾病人口学人口预期寿命内科学计算机安全社会学计算机科学

作者

Khanh Bao Tran,Justin J. Lang,Kelly Compton,Rixing Xu,Alistair R. Acheson,Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson,Jonathan Kocarnik,Louise Penberthy,Amirali Aali,Qamar Abbas,Behzad Abbasi,Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari,Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari,Hedayat Abbastabar,Michael Abdelmasseh,Sherief Abd‐Elsalam,Ahmed Abdelwahab Abdelwahab,Gholamreza Abdoli,Hanan Abdulkadir Abdulkadir,Aidin Abedi,Kedir Hussein Abegaz,Hassan Abidi,Richard Gyan Aboagye,Hassan Abolhassani,Abdorrahim Absalan,Yonas Derso Abtew,Hiwa Abubaker Ali,Eman Abu‐Gharbieh,Basavaprabhu Achappa,Juan Acuña,Daniel Addison,Isaac Yeboah Addo,Oyelola A. Adegboye,Miracle Ayomikun Adesina,Mohammad Adnan,Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani,Teklehaimanot Gereziher Haile,Sumia Afrin,Muhammad U. Afzal,Manik Aggarwal,Bright Opoku Ahinkorah,Araz Ramazan Ahmad,Rizwan Ahmad,Sajjad Ahmad,Sohail Ahmad,Sepideh Ahmadi,Ahmed I Hasaballah,Luai A. Ahmed,Muktar Beshir Ahmed,Tarik A. Rashid,Wajeeha Aiman,Marjan Ajami,Gizachew Taddesse Akalu,Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi,Addis Aklilu,Maxwell Akonde,Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna,Hanadi Al Hamad,Fares Alahdab,Fahad Alanezi,Turki Alanzi,Saleh A. Alessy,Abdelazeem M. Algammal,Mohammed Khaled Al‐Hanawi,Robert Kaba Alhassan,Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali,Liaqat Ali,Syed Shujait Ali,Yousef Khader,Vahid Yazdi‐Feyzabadi,Syed Mohamed Aljunid,Motasem Alkhayyat,Sadeq Ali Al‐Maweri,Sami Almustanyir,Nivaldo Alonso,Shehabaldin Alqalyoobi,Rajaa Al‐Raddadi,Rami H Hani Al-Rifai,Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah,Ala’a B. Al‐Tammemi,Haya Altawalah,Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán,Firehiwot Amare,Edward Kwabena Ameyaw,Javad Aminian-Dehkordi,Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq,Hubert Amu,Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa,Robert Ancuceanu,Jason A Anderson,Yaregal Animut,Amir Anoushiravani,Ali Arash Anoushirvani,Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam,Mustafa Geleto Ansha,Benny Antony,Maxwell Hubert Antwi,Sumadi Lukman Anwar,Razique Anwer,Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor,Jalal Arabloo,Morteza Arab‐Zozani,Olatunde Aremu,Ayele Mamo,Hany Ariffin,Timur Aripov,Muhammad Arshad,Al Artaman,Judie Arulappan,Raphael Taiwo Aruleba,Armin Aryannejad,Malke Asaad,Mulusew Andualem Asemahagn,Zatollah Asemi,Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi,Tahira Ashraf,Reza Assadi,Mohammad Athar,Seyyed Shamsadin Athari,Maha Atout,Sameh Attia,Avinash Aujayeb,Marcel Ausloos,Leticia Ávila‐Burgos,Atalel Fentahun Awedew,Mamaru Ayenew Awoke,Tewachew Awoke,Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla,Tegegn Mulatu Ayana,Solomon Shitu Ayen,Davood Azadi,Sina Azadnajafabad,Saber Azami‐Aghdash,Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw,Mohammadreza Azangou‐Khyavy,Amirhossein Azari Jafari,Hosein Azizi,Ahmed Y. Azzam,Amirhesam Babajani,Muhammad Badar,Ashish Badiye,Nayereh Baghcheghi,Nader Bagheri,Sara Bagherieh,Saeed Bahadory,Atif Amin Baig,Jennifer L. Baker,Ahad Bakhtiari,Ravleen Kaur Bakshi,Maciej Banach,Indrajit Banerjee,Mainak Bardhan,Francesco Barone‐Adesi,Fabio Barra,Amadou Barrow,Nasir Zeeshan Bashir,Amadou Barrow,Saurav Basu,Abdul‐Monim Batiha,Aeysha Begum,Alehegn Bekele Bekele,Alemayehu Sayih Belay,Melaku Ashagrie Belete,Uzma Belgaumi,Arielle Wilder Bell,Luı́s Belo,Habib Benzian,Alemshet Yirga Berhie,Amiel Nazer C. Bermudez,Eduardo Bernabé,Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula,Neeraj Bhala,Bharti Bhandari,Nikha Bhardwaj,Pankaj Bhardwaj,Krittika Bhattacharyya,Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja,Soumitra S. Bhuyan,Sadia Bibi,Awraris Hailu,Bagas Suryo Bintoro,Antonio Biondi,Mesfin Geremaw Birega Birega,Habitu Eshetu Birhan,Tone Bjørge,Oleg Blyuss,Belay Boda Abule Bodicha,Srinivasa Rao Bolla,Archith Boloor,Cristina Bosetti,Dejana Braithwaite,Michael Bräuer,Hermann Brenner,Andrey Briko,Briko Ni,Christina M. Buchanan,Norma B. Bulamu,Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira,Muhammad Hammad Butt,Nadeem Shafique Butt,Zahid A Butt,Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos,Luis Alberto Cámera,Chao Cao,Yin Cao,Giulia Carreras,Márcia Carvalho,Francieli Cembranel,Ester Cerin,Promit Ananyo Chakraborty,Periklis Charalampous,Vijay Kumar Chattu,Odgerel Chimed‐Ochir,Jesús L. Chirinos,Daniel Cho,William C. Cho,Devasahayam J Christopher,Dinh‐Toi Chu,Isaac Sunday Chukwu,Fiona J Charlson,João Conde,Sandra Córtes,Vera Marisa Costa,Natália Martins,Garland T Culbreth,Omid Dadras,Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw,Saad M A Dahlawi,Xiaochen Dai,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad,Anna Danielewicz,An Thi Minh Dao,Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani,Aso Mohammad Darwesh,Saswati Das,Dragoş Virgil Daviţoiu,Elham Davtalab Esmaeili,Fernando de la Hoz,Sisay Abebe Debela,Azizallah Dehghan,Biniyam Demisse,Fitsum Wolde Demisse,Edgar Denova‐Gutiérrez,Afshin Derakhshani,Meseret Derbew Molla,Diriba Dereje,Kebede Deribe,Rupak Desai,Markos Desalegn Desalegn,Fikadu Nugusu Dessalegn,Samuel Abebe A Dessalegni,Gashaw Dessie,Abebaw Alemayehu Desta,Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan,Samath D Dharmaratne,Meghnath Dhimal,Mostafa Dianatinasab,Nancy Diao,Daniel Díaz,Lankamo Ena Digesa,Shilpi Gupta Dixit,Saeid Doaei,Linh Phuong Doan,Paul Narh Doku,Deepa Dongarwar,Wendel Mombaque dos Santos,Tim Driscoll,Haneil Larson Dsouza,Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye,Sareh Edalati,Fatemeh Eghbalian,Elham Ehsani‐Chimeh,Ebrahim Eini,Michael Ekholuenetale,Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo,Donatus U. Ekwueme,Maha El Tantawi,Mostafa Ahmed Elbahnasawy,Iffat Elbarazi,Hesham Elghazaly,Muhammed Elhadi,Waseem El‐Huneidi,Mohammad Hassan Emamian,Luchuo Engelbert Bain,Daniel Berhanie Enyew,Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar,Tegegne Eshetu,Alireza Esteghamati,Sharareh Eskandarieh,Juan Espinosa‐Montero,Farshid Etaee,Azin Etemadimanesh,Tahir Eyayu,Ifeanyi Jude Ezeonwumelu,Sayeh Ezzikouri,Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe,Saman Fahimi,Ildar Fakhradiyev,Saman Fahimi,Jawad Fares,Abbas Farmany,Umar Farooque,Hossein Farrokhpour,Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi,Ali Fatehizadeh,Wafa Fatima,Hamed Fattahi,Ginenus Fekadu,Berhanu Elfu Feleke,Allegra Ferrari,Simone Ferrero,Lorenzo Ferro Desideri,Irina Filip,Florian Fischer,Roham Foroumadi,Masoud Foroutan,Takeshi Fukumoto,Péter Gaál,Mohamed M. Gad,Muktar A. Gadanya,Abduzhappar Gaipov,Nasrin Galehdar,Silvano Gallus,Tushar Garg,Mariana Gaspar Fonseca,Yosef Haile Gebremariam,Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel,Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael,Yohannes Fikadu Geda,Yibeltal Yismaw Gela,Belete Negese,Melaku Getachew,Motuma Erena Getachew,Kazem Ghaffari,Mansour Ghafourifard,Seyyed‐Hadi Ghamari,Mohammad Ghasemi Nour,Fariba Ghassemi,Ajnish Ghimire,Nermin Ghith,Maryam Gholamalizadeh,Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq,Sherief Ghozy,Syed Amir Gilani,Paramjit Gill,Themba G. Ginindza,Abraham Tamirat Gizaw,James Glasbey,Helen Gonçalves,Amit Goel,Mahaveer Golechha,Pouya Goleij,Davide Golinelli,Mohamad Golitaleb,Giuseppe Gorini,Bárbara Niegia Garcia de Goulart,Giuseppe Grosso,Habtamu Alganeh Guadie,Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari,Temesgen Worku Gudayu,Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra,Damitha Asanga Gunawardane,Bhawna Gupta,Sapna Gupta,Veer Bala Gupta,Vivek Gupta,Mekdes Kondale Gurara,Alemu Guta,Parham Habibzadeh,Atlas Haddadi Avval,Nima Hafezi‐Nejad,Adel Hajj Ali,Arvin Haj‐Mirzaian,Esam Halboub,Aram Halimi,Rabih Halwani,Randah R Hamadeh,Sajid Hameed,Samer Hamidi,Asif Hanif,Sanam Hariri,Netanja I. Harlianto,Josep María Haro,Risky Kusuma Hartono,Ahmed I Hasaballah,S M Mahmudul Hasan,Hamidreza Hasani,Seyedeh Melika Hashemi,Abbas M. Hassan,Soheil Hassanipour,Khezar Hayat,Golnaz Heidari,Mohammad Heydari,Zahra Heidarymeybodi,Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna,Claudiu Herţeliu,Kamal Hezam,Yuta Hiraike,Mbuzeleni Hlongwa,Ramesh Holla,Marianne Holm,Nobuyuki Horita,Mohammad Hoseini,Md Mahbub Hossain,Mohammad Bellal Hossain,Mohammad‐Salar Hosseini,Ali Hosseinzadeh,Mehdi Hosseinzadeh,Mihaela Hostiuc,Sorin Hostiuc,Mowafa Househ,Junjie Huang,Fernando Neves Hugo,Ayesha Humayun,Salman Hussain,Nawfal R Hussein,Bing‐Fang Hwang,Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye,Pulwasha M Iftikhar,Kevin S Ikuta,Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi,Irena Ilić,Milena Ilić,Mustapha Immurana,Kaire Innos,Pooya Iranpour,Lalu Muhammad Irham,Md Shariful Islam,Rakibul M. Islam,Farhad Islami,Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail,Gaetano Isola,Masao Iwagami,Linda Merin J,Abhishek Jaiswal,Mihajlo Jakovljević,Mahsa Jalili,Shahram Jalilian,Elham Jamshidi,Sung‐In Jang,Chinmay Jani,Tahereh Javaheri,Umesh Jayarajah,Shubha Jayaram,Seyed Behzad Jazayeri,Rime Jebai,Bedru Jemal,Wonjeong Jeong,Ravi Prakash Jha,Har Ashish Jindal,Yetunde O. John-Akinola,Jost B. Jonas,Tamás Joó,Nitin Joseph,Farahnaz Joukar,Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak,Mikk Jürisson,Ali Kabir,Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi,Vidya Kadashetti,Farima Kahe,Pradnya Vishal Kakodkar,Laleh R. Kalankesh,Leila R Kalankesh,Rohollah Kalhor,Vineet Kumar Kamal,Farin Kamangar,Ashwin Kamath,Tanuj Kanchan,Eswar Kandaswamy,Himal Kandel,HyeJung Kang,Girum Gebremeskel Kanno,Neeti Kapoor,Sitanshu Sekhar Kar,Shama Karanth,Ibraheem M. Karaye,André Karch,Amirali Karimi,Bekalu Getnet Kassa,Patrick DMC Katoto,Joonas H. Kauppila,Harkiran Kaur,Abinet Gebremickael Kebede,Leila Keikavoosi-Arani,Gemechu Gemechu Kejela,Phillip M. Kemp Bohan,Maryam Keramati,Mohammad Keykhaei,Himanshu Khajuria,Abbas Khan,Abdul Aziz Khan Khan,Ejaz Ahmad Khan,Gulfaraz Khan,Md Nuruzzaman Khan,Moien AB Khan,Javad Khanali,Khaled Khatab,Moawiah Khatatbeh,Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib,Maryam Khayamzadeh,Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani,Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari,Mehdi Khezeli,Mahmoud Khodadost,Min Seo Kim,Young‐Eun Kim,Adnan Kısa,Sezer Kısa,Miloslav Klugar,Jitka Klugarová,Ali‐Asghar Kolahi,Pavel Kolkhir,Farzad Kompani,Parvaiz A Koul,Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana,Ai Koyanagi,Kewal Krishan,Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy,Burcu Küçük Biçer,Nuworza Kugbey,Mukhtar Kulimbet,Akshay Kumar,G Anil Kumar,Narinder Kumar,Om Kurmi,Ambily Kuttikkattu,Carlo La Vecchia,Arista Lahiri,Dharmesh Kumar Lal,Judit Lám,Qing Lan,Iván Landires,Bagher Larijani,Savita Lasrado,Jerrald Lau,Paolo Lauriola,Caterina Ledda,Sang Hyuck Lee,Shaun Wen Huey Lee,Wei‐Chen Lee,Yeong Yeh Lee,Yo Han Lee,Samson Mideksa,James Leigh,Elvynna Leong,Ming‐Chieh Li,Stephen S Lim,Gang Liu,Jue Liu,Chun‐Han Lo,Ayush Lohiya,Platon D Lopukhov,László Lorenzovici,Mojgan Lotfi,Joana A. Loureiro,Raimundas Lunevičius,Farzan Madadizadeh,Ahmad R Mafi,Sameh Magdeldin,S. Mahjoub,Ata Mahmoodpoor,Morteza Mahmoudi,Marzieh Mahmudimanesh,Rashidul Alam Mahumud,Azeem Majeed,Jamal Majidpoor,Alaa Makki,Konstantinos C. Makris,Elaheh Malakan Rad,Mohammad‐Reza Malekpour,Reza Malekzadeh,Ahmad Azam Malik,Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi,Sneha Deepak Mallya,Mohammed A. Mamun,Ana Laura Manda,Fariborz Mansour‐Ghanaei,Borhan Mansouri,Mohammad Alì Mansournia,LG Mantovani,Santi Martini,Miquel Martorell,Sareh Eghtesad,Zahra Kamiab,Clara N Matei,Elezebeth Mathews,Manu Raj Mathur,Vasundhara Mathur,Martin McKee,J. K. Meena,Khalid Mehmood,Entezar Mehrabi Nasab,Ravi Mehrotra,Addisu Melese,Walter Mendoza,Ritesh G. Menezes,Sisay Derso Mengesha,Laverne G Mensah,Alexios‐Fotios A. Mentis,Andry Yasmid Mera-Mamián,Tuomo J Meretoja,Mehari Woldemariam Merid,Amanual Getnet Mersha,Belsity Temesgen Meselu,Mahboobeh Meshkat,Tomislav Meštrović,Junmei Miao Jonasson,Tomasz Miazgowski,Irmina Maria Michałek,Gelana Fekadu,Ted R. Miller,Shabir Ahmad Mir,Seyed Kazem Mirinezhad,Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni,Mohammad Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari,Hamed Mirzaei,Hamid Reza Mirzaei,Abay Sisay Misganaw,Sanjeev Misra,Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad,Esmaeil Mohammadi,Mokhtar Mohammadi,Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani,Reza Mohammadpourhodki,Arif Ahmed Mohammed,Shafiu Mohammed,Syam Mohan,Mohammad Mohseni,Nagabhishek Moka,Ali H Mokdad,Alex Molassiotis,Mariam Molokhia,Kaveh Momenzadeh,Sara Momtazmanesh,Lorenzo Monasta,Ute Mons,Ahmed Al Montasir,Fateme Montazeri,Arnulfo Montero‐Pardo,Mohammad Amin Moosavi,Abdolvahab Moradi,Yousef Moradi,Mostafa Moradi Sarabi,Paula Moraga,Lidia Morawska,Shane D. Morrison,Jakub Morze,Abbas Mosapour,Ebrahim Mostafavi,Seyyed Meysam Mousavi,Haleh Mousavi Isfahani,Amin Mousavi Khaneghah,Christine Mpundu‐Kaambwa,Sumaira Mubarik,Francesk Mulita,Daniel Munblit,Sandra B. Munro,Efrén Murillo‐Zamora,Jonah Musa,Ashraf Nabhan,Sharath Burugina Nagaraja,Shankar Prasad Nagaraju,Gabriele Nagel,Mohammadreza Naghipour,Mukhammad David Naimzada,Tapas Sadasivan Nair,Atta Abbas Naqvi,Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy,Aparna Ichalangod Narayana,Hasan Nassereldine,Zuhair S. Natto,Biswa Prakash Nayak,Rawlance Ndejjo,Sabina O. Nduaguba,Wogene Wogene Negash,Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi,Kazem Nejati‐Koshki,Sandhya Neupane Kandel,Nguyễn Văn Huy,Robina Khan Niazi,Nurulamin M Noor,Maryam Noori,Nafise Noroozi,Hasti Nouraei,Ali Nowroozi,Virginia Núñez-Samudio,Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam,Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam,Bogdan Oancea,Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya,Onome Bright Oghenetega,Ropo Ebenezer Ogunsakin,Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade,In‐Hwan Oh,Hassan Okati‐Aliabad,Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle,Andrew T Olagunju,Tinuke O Olagunju,Babayemi O. Olakunde,Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa,Emad Omer,Abidemi Omonisi,Sok King Ong,Obinna Onwujekwe,Hans Orru,Stanislav S Otstavnov,Abderrahim Oulhaj,Bilcha Oumer,Oluwatomi Funbi Owopetu,Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye,P A Mahesh,Alicia Padrón‐Monedero,Jagadish Rao Padubidri,Babak Pakbin,Keyvan Pakshir,Reza Pakzad,Tamás Palicz,Adrian Pană,Anamika Pandey,Ashok Pandey,Suman Pant,Shahina Pardhan,Eun‐Cheol Park,Eun‐Kee Park,Seoyeon Park,Jay Patel,Siddhartha Pati,Rajan Paudel,Uttam Paudel,Mihaela Păun,Hamidreza Pazoki‐Toroudi,Minjin Peng,Jeevan Pereira,Renato B. Pereira,Simone Perna,Navaraj Perumalsamy,Richard G. Pestell,Raffaele Pezzani,Cristiano Piccinelli,Julian David Pillay,Zahra Zahid Piracha,Tobias Pischon,Maarten J. Postma,Ashkan Pourabhari Langroudi,Akram Pourshams,Naeimeh Pourtaheri,Akila Prashant,Mirza Muhammad Fahd Qadir,Quazi Syed Zahiruddin,Mohammad Rabiee,Navid Rabiee,Amir Radfar,Raghu Radhakrishnan,Venkatraman Radhakrishnan,Mojtaba Raeisi,Ata Rafiee,Alireza Rafiei,Nasiru Raheem,Fakher Rahim,Obaidur Rahman,Mosiur Rahman,Muhammad Aziz Rahman,Amir Masoud Rahmani,Shayan Rahmani,Vahid Rahmanian,Nazanin Rajai,Aashish Rajesh,Pradhum Ram,Kiana Ramezanzadeh,Juwel Rana,Kamal Ranabhat,Priyanga Ranasinghe,Chythra R Rao,Sowmya J Rao,Sina Rashedi,Amirfarzan Rashidi,Mahsa Rashidi,Mohammad‐Mahdi Rashidi,Zubair Ahmed Ratan,David Laith Rawaf,Salman Rawaf,Lal Rawal,Reza Rawassizadeh,Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia,Ashfaq Ur Rehman,Inayat Ur Rehman,Marissa B Reitsma,André M. N. Renzaho,Maryam Rezaei,Nazila Rezaei,Negar Rezaei,Nima Rezaei,Saeid Rezaei,Mohsen Rezaeian,Aziz Eftekhari,Abanoub Riad,Reza Rikhtegar,María Jesús Ríos-Blancas,Thomas J Roberts,Peter Rohloff,Esperanza Romero‐Rodríguez,Gholamreza Roshandel,Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera,S Manjula,Maha Saber-Ayad,Bahar Saberzadeh-Ardestani,Siamak Sabour,Basema Saddik,Erfan Sadeghi,Mohammad Reza Saeb,Umar Saeed,Mohsen Safaei,Azam Safary,Maryam Sahebazzamani,Amirhossein Sahebkar,Harihar Sahoo,Mirza Rizwan Sajid,Hedayat Salari,Sana Salehi,Marwa Rashad Salem,Hamideh Salimzadeh,Yoseph Leonardo Samodra,Abdallah M Samy,Juan Sanabria,Senthilkumar Sankararaman,Francesco Sanmarchi,Milena M Santric-Milicevic,Huma Qureshi,Arash Sarveazad,Fatemeh Sarvi,Brijesh Sathian,Maheswar Satpathy,Nicolas Sayegh,Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider,Michaël Schwarzinger,Mario Šekerija,Subramanian Senthilkumaran,Sadaf G Sepanlou,Allen Seylani,Kenbon Seyoum,Feng Sha,Omid Shafaat,Pritik A Shah,Saeed Shahabi,Izza Shahid,Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf,Hamid R. Shahsavari,Masood Ali Shaikh,Mohammed Feyisso Shaka,Elaheh Shaker,Mohammed Shannawaz,Mequannent Melaku Sharew Sharew,Azam Sharifi,Javad Sharifi‐Rad,Purva Sharma,Bereket Beyene Shashamo,Aziz Sheikh,Mahdi Sheikh,Sara Sheikhbahaei,Rahim Ali Sheikhi,Ali Sheikhy,Peter R. Shepherd,Adithi Shetty,Jeevan K. Shetty,Ranjitha S Shetty,Kenji Shibuya,Reza Shirkoohi,Hesamaddin Shirzad‐Aski,K. M. Shivakumar,Siddharudha Shivalli,Velizar Shivarov,Parnian Shobeiri,Zahra Shokri Varniab,Seyed Afshin Shorofi,Sunil Shrestha,Migbar Mekonnen Sibhat,Sudeep K Siddappa Malleshappa,Negussie Boti,Diego Augusto Santos Silva,Luís R. Silva,Guilherme Silva Julian,Nicola Silvestris,Wudneh Simegn,Achintya D. Singh,Ambrish Singh,Rajesh Singh,Harpreet Singh,Ambrish Singh,Jitendra Kumar Singh,Paramdeep Singh,Surjit Singh,Dhirendra Narain Sinha,Abiy Hiruye Sinke,Md Shahjahan Siraj,Freddy Sitas,Samarjeet Singh Siwal,Valentin Yurievich Skryabin,Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina,Bogdan Oancea,Matthew Soeberg,Ahmad Sofi‐Mahmudi,Yonatan Solomon,Mohammad Sadegh Soltani‐Zangbar,Suhang Song,Yimeng Song,Reed J D Sorensen,Sergey Soshnikov,Houman Sotoudeh,Alieu Sowe,Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan,Ryan Suk,Muhammad Suleman,Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader,Saima Sultana,Daniel Sur,Miklós Szócska,Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian,Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos,Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei,Takahiro Tabuchi,Hooman Tadbiri,Ensiyeh Taheri,Majid Taheri,Moslem Taheri Soodejani,Ken Takahashi,Iman M. Talaat,Mircea Tampa,Ker‐Kan Tan,Nathan Y Tat,Vivian Y Tat,Ahmad Tavakoli,Arash Tavakoli,Arash Tehrani‐Banihashemi,Yohannes Tekalegn,Fisaha Haile Tesfay,Rekha Thapar,Aravind Thavamani,Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandrasekar,Nihal Thomas,Nikhil Kenny Thomas,Mohammad Tabish,Hamid Salehiniya,Daniel Nigusse Tollosa,Roman Topór-Mądry,Mathilde Touvier,Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone,Eugenio Traini,Mai Thi Ngoc Tran,Jaya Prasad Tripathy,Gebresilasea Gendisha Ukke,Irfan Ullah,Saif Ullah,Sana Ullah,Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan,Marco Vacante,Maryam Vaezi,Sahel Valadan Tahbaz,Pascual Valdéz,Constantine Vardavas,Shoban Babu Varthya,Siavash Vaziri,Diana Zuleika Velazquez,Massimiliano Veroux,Paul J. Villeneuve,Francesco Saverio Violante,Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov,Vasily Vlassov,Bay Vo,Linh Gia Vu,Abdul Wadood Wadood,Yasir Waheed,Mandaras Tariku,Richard G. Wamai,Cong Wang,Fang Wang,Ning Wang,Yu Wang,Paul Ward,Abdul Waris,Ronny Westerman,Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe,Melat Woldemariam,Berhanu Woldu,Hong Xiao,Suowen Xu,Xiaoyue Xu,Lalit Yadav,Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari,Lin Yang,Fereshteh Yazdanpanah,Yigizie Yeshaw,Yazachew Yismaw,Naohiro Yonemoto,Mustafa Z Younis,Zabihollah Yousefi,Amir Hossein Mahvi,Chuanhua Yu,Yong Yu,Ismaeel Yunusa,Mazyar Zahir,Nazar Zaki,Burhan Abdullah Zaman,Moein Zangiabadian,Fariba Zare,Iman Zare,Zahra Zareshahrabadi,Armin Zarrintan,Михаил Сергеевич Застрожин,Mohammad A. Zeineddine,Dongyu Zhang,Jianrong Zhang,Yunquan Zhang,Zhi‐Jiang Zhang,Linghui Zhou,Sanjay Zodpey,Mohammad Zoladl,Theo Vos,Simon I Hay,Lisa M. Force,Christopher J L Murray

出处

期刊：The Lancet [Elsevier]
日期：2022-08-01 卷期号：400 (10352): 563-591 被引量：424

标识

DOI：10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01438-6

摘要

BackgroundUnderstanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally.MethodsThe GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented.FindingsGlobally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01–4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0–116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3–48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1–45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60–3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8–54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36–1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5–41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6–28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8–25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9–42·8] and 33·3% [25·8–42·0]).InterpretationThe leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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