Carbon quantum dots biosynthesis: Perspectives and challenges

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a new member of the carbon nanomaterial family. CQDs have been found to have several unique characteristics which make them suitable for a wide range of applications. Despite having great potential, CQDs are not yet well established commercially, due to limitations in the synthesis process. The currently used technologies for synthesis of CQDs are not suitable for large-scale production because they are harmful to the environment in several ways. Hence, a new technology, called green technology or biosynthesis, has been introduced to reduce the environmental damage. This technology is still in its developmental stage. However, a lot of research has been carried out around the globe to develop this technology to the fullest, and so, in the near future, we can expect huge developments in the biosynthesis of CQDs. In this chapter, we discuss the biosynthesis process and recent improvements of CQDs in detail. We also discuss the future possibilities to improve the biosynthesis of CQDs.