Fabrication of elliptical-silica microfiber for ultrasound detection

Elliptical shape microfiber enables many higher order modes compared with a circular microfiber. The small difference in the optical path length among many modes enabled multi-resonance peaks with high contrast in Mach-Zehnder (MZI) interferometers, which allows a large dynamic range and minimum detection sensitivity for broadband ultrasound sensing. In this paper, we present the design and fabrication of an ultra-compact elliptical-silica microfiber utilizing off-axis flame-drawing for ultrasound detection. The narrow transmission peak showed high contrast for ultrasensitive ultrasound wave detection. With a major-axis diameter of 6.25 µm, the elliptical-silica microfiber sensor exhibits a broadband ultrasound frequency response spanning from 20 kHz to 38.5 MHz. Furthermore, it achieves a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of up to 80 dB at 1 MHz, which is the resonance frequency of the microfiber and the linear response under driving voltages of 3-10 V for the PZT ultrasound generator. This low-cost microfiber sensor offers exceptional sensitivity across a broad ultrasonic bandwidth response, making it an ideal choice for nondestructive testing (NDT) and medical imaging applications. Its compact size and immunity to electric and magnetic fields further enhance its utility in various environments.