[Pulmonary artery stenosis after single lung transplantation: a case report and literature review].

Objective: To summarize and analyze the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of pulmonary artery stenosis post-lung transplantation. Methods: A 62-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with a cough and chest tightness of over a year's duration, which had worsened in the last two months, leading to the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The clinical data were observed and reviewed post-left allograft single lung transplantation. Literature searches were conducted using the keywords "lung transplantation" "stenosis, pulmonary artery" and "postoperative complications" in CNKI, Wanfang Medical Network, and PubMed databases up to December 2022. Results: On January 26, 2022, a left allograft single lung transplantation was performed under general anesthesia. Postoperatively, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and mechanical ventilation were successfully weaned off at 22 hours and 2 days, respectively, with transfer from the intensive care unit 12 days after surgery. PaO2 and PaCO2 were 50 mmHg and 40 mmHg after deoxygenation. Both pulmonary CT angiography and ventilatory-perfusion imaging indicated stenosis of the left pulmonary anastomosis. Balloon dilation and pulmonary artery stenting were performed, with PaO2 and PaCO2 improving to 87 mmHg and 42 mmHg, respectively. The patient was discharged 102 days post-surgery, and was followed up for 1 year, with a good prognosis. Additionally, 36 related articles were retrieved, encompassing 69 cases with a median age of 53 years (38.5-59.0 years). Of these, 27.54% (19/69) were diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 46.38% (32/69) underwent single lung transplantation, with the primary clinical symptom being hypoxemia in 71.01% (49/69) cases. Left pulmonary artery anastomotic stenosis was observed in 43.48% (30/69), with 65.22% (45/69) being diagnosed in the late postoperative period. Interventional therapy was performed to 44.93% (31/69), with a mortality rate of 21.74% (15/69). Conclusions: The primary clinical manifestation of post-lung transplantation pulmonary artery stenosis is hypoxemia and can be diagnosed by pulmonary artery CT angiography, transesophageal echocardiography, and pulmonary angiography. Early diagnosis can significantly reduce mortality, and interventional therapy is an effective treatment for severe pulmonary artery stenosis post-lung transplantation.目的： 对肺移植术后肺动脉狭窄的临床特征、诊疗经过及预后进行总结分析。 方法： 患者男，62岁，因“咳嗽伴胸闷1年余，加重2个月”入院，诊断为特发性肺纤维化。同种异体左侧单肺移植术后肺动脉狭窄，观察其临床资料并结合文献复习。以“肺移植”“肺动脉狭窄”“术后并发症”为检索词检索中国知网及万方数据库，以“lung transplantation”“Stenosis，Pulmonary Artery”“Postoperative Complications”为检索词检索PubMed数据库，检索时间截止到2022年12月。 结果： 2022年1月26日在全身麻醉下行同种异体左侧单肺移植术，分别于术后22 h、2 d撤离体外膜氧合和呼吸机，术后12 d转出重症监护室，脱氧后PaO2为50 mmHg、PaCO2为40 mmHg，肺动脉CT血管造影和通气-灌注显像均提示左肺动脉吻合口狭窄。遂行球囊扩张术并肺动脉支架置入术，脱氧查动脉血气示PaO2为87 mmHg、PaCO2为42 mmHg。术后122 d康复出院，随访1年，预后良好。另检索出相关文献36篇，入组病例69例，其中男性26例，女性20例，23例未标注性别，中位年龄为53岁（38.5~59.0岁），27.54%（19/69）诊断为特发性肺纤维化，46.38%（32/69）进行单肺移植，71.01%（49/69）临床症状为低氧血症，43.48%（30/69）左肺动脉吻合口狭窄，65.22%（45/69）术后晚期诊断，44.93%（31/69）给予介入治疗，21.74%（15/69）死亡。 结论： 肺移植术后肺动脉狭窄以低氧血症为主要临床表现，可通过肺动脉CT血管造影、经食管心脏超声、肺血管造影等进行诊断，早期诊断能显著降低病死率。介入治疗是肺移植术后重度肺动脉狭窄的有效方法。.