Phytochemical investigation on Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) and its chemotaxonomic significance

A phytochemical study conducted on Ginkgo biloba L. led to the isolation and purification of sixteen compounds which include one bilobalide (1), one ginkgolide (2), one dipeptide (3), five lignans (4–8), two flavonoids (9, 10), two sterols (11, 12), three phenolic compounds (13–15), and one fatty alcohol (16). Their structures were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and comparison with literature data. Among them, compounds (3–10, 12, 13, 15, 16) were isolated for the first time from Gingko biloba L. In addition, the importance of these compounds from a chemotaxonomic perspective was discussed.