Exploring battery material failure mechanisms through synchrotron X-ray characterization techniques

Rechargeable battery cycling performance and related safety have been persistent concerns. It is crucial to decipher the capacity fading induced by electrode material failure via a range of techniques. Among these, synchrotron-based X-ray techniques with high flux and brightness play a key role in understanding degradation mechanisms. In this comprehensive review, we summarize recent advancements in degradation modes and mechanisms that were revealed by synchrotron X-ray methodologies. Subsequently, an overview of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray scattering techniques is introduced for characterizing failure phenomena at local coordination atomic environment and long-range order crystal structure scale, respectively. At last, we envision the future of exploring material failure mechanism.