Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids act as mediators of the gut–brain axis targeting age-related neurodegenerative disorders: a narrative review

肠道菌群 肠-脑轴 疾病 认知 认知功能衰退 衰老的大脑 神经科学 生物 神经炎症 生物信息学 医学 免疫学 痴呆 内科学
作者
Bingbing Guo,Jingyi Zhang,Weihao Zhang,Feng Chen,Bin Liu
出处
期刊:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition [Taylor & Francis]
卷期号:: 1-22 被引量:12
标识
DOI:10.1080/10408398.2023.2272769
摘要

Neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging are often accompanied by cognitive decline and gut microbiota disorder. But the impact of gut microbiota on these cognitive disturbances remains incompletely understood. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major metabolites produced by gut microbiota during the digestion of dietary fiber, serving as an energy source for gut epithelial cells and/or circulating to other organs, such as the liver and brain, through the bloodstream. SCFAs have been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier and played crucial roles in brain metabolism, with potential implications in mediating Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanisms that SCFAs might influence psychological functioning, including affective and cognitive processes and their neural basis, have not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, the dietary sources which determine these SCFAs production was not thoroughly evaluated yet. This comprehensive review explores the production of SCFAs by gut microbiota, their transportation through the gut–brain axis, and the potential mechanisms by which they influence age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Also, the review discusses the importance of dietary fiber sources and the challenges associated with harnessing dietary-derived SCFAs as promoters of neurological health in elderly individuals. Overall, this study suggests that gut microbiota-derived SCFAs and/or dietary fibers hold promise as potential targets and strategies for addressing age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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