Topical Cryogel Application of Carboxymethylcellulose/Silane‐Modified Hyaluronic Acid Containing Trachyspermum copticum Nanoemulsions for the Treatment of Infected Wounds

Abstract Infectious wounds commonly occur and must be rapidly treated with safe and efficient agents. Antibiotic‐resistant is a major challenge for the treatment of infected wounds. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the effects of the topical cryogel application of carboxymethylcellulose/silane‐modified hyaluronic acid (CMC/HY‐Silane) containing Trachyspermum copticum essential oil nanoemulsions (TSP NEs) for the treatment of infected wounds. Four related factors of 3‐glycidyloxypropyl‐trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), time, pH and temperature were selected and their effects were evaluated to monitor the porosity each factor with the help of Taguchi method. The maximum porosity of cryogels (39.20 %) was obtained at GPTMS=30 μL, pH=9, temperature of 25 °C and time of 30 min. CMC/HY‐Silane hydrogels containing 0.00 %, 2.00 % and 4.00 % TSP NEs were produced. Antibacterial and toxicity of the nanostructures and wound contraction, total bacterial count, histopathological parameters and the expressions of IL‐10, TGF‐β1 and NF‐κB were also assessed. The efficiency of cryogels was compared with antibiotics. In vivo and in vitro studies confirmed that the administration of cryogels containing TSPNEs accelerated the wound healing process by increasing the expressions of collagen, IL‐10 and TGF‐β, fibroblast, epithelization and decreasing edema and the expression of NF‐κB. The results also showed that cryogels could compete with synthetic ointment of mupirocin.