代表性启发
互联网
人口
模式(计算机接口)
加权
比例(比率)
面子(社会学概念)
面对面
心理学
计算机科学
地理
社会心理学
人口学
社会学
万维网
医学
地图学
社会科学
哲学
认识论
放射科
操作系统
作者
Elisabeth Grewenig,Philipp Lergetporer,Lisa Simon,Katharina Werner,Ludger Woessmann
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2023.102382
摘要
A general concern with the representativeness of internet surveys is that they exclude the “offline” population that does not use the internet. We run a large-scale opinion survey with (1) onliners in internet-survey mode, (2) offliners in face-to-face mode, and (3) internet users in face-to-face mode. We find marked response differences between onliners and offliners in different modes (1 vs. 2). Response differences between onliners and offliners in the same face-to-face mode (2 vs. 3) disappear when controlling for background characteristics, indicating mode effects rather than unobserved population differences. Differences in background characteristics of onliners in the two modes (1 vs. 3) indicate that mode effects partly reflect sampling differences. In our setting, re-weighting online-survey observations appears a pragmatic solution when aiming at representativeness for the entire population.
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