Exposure to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid stimulates the calcium/ROS/CK1α pathway to trigger Hemolysis and Eryptosis in red blood cells

The agricultural herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) is cytotoxic to human red blood cells (RBCs) by virtue of oxidative hemolysis. Nevertheless, there remains a great paucity of literature detailing the mechanisms by which 2,4-D triggers hemolysis. Also, the eryptotic effects of 2,4-D has thus far been largely overlooked. This study aims to expand current understanding of the cytotoxic properties of 2,4-D in RBCs.