New Advances in Drug Research for Myopia Control in Adolescents

Myopia is one of the most common eye diseases worldwide, with an increasing incidence observed in recent years. Globally, effective treatments for myopia have been extensively explored. In recent years, research on drugs for the treatment of myopia has become a popular topic in ophthalmology, with some breakthroughs having been achieved. Compared with surgical treatment, drug treatment is easier for people to accept. Although the efficacy of some drugs in delaying the development of myopia has been confirmed, the mechanism and site of action of some drugs are still not completely clear. In this study, we review the recent related research on drug therapy for myopia at home and abroad, describe the mechanism of various drugs in treating myopia, evaluate their clinical application value, and identify existing problems. These drugs include atropine, a series of anticholinergic drugs, dopamine agonists, 7- methylxanthine, and intraocular pressure-lowering drugs. Results highlight the efficacy of atropine in myopia treatment with minimal side effects. Anticholinergic medications, such as atropine, have demonstrated efficacy in managing the progression of myopia with a reduced incidence of adverse effects. The emphasis is placed on achieving better long-term effectiveness and minimizing the rebound effect after treatment is stopped. Furthermore, participating in outdoor activities and reducing eye strain are proven strategies for preventing myopia.