Impact of Functional Fluorinated Porphyrins on the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract Additives play a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and carefully designed additives contribute to major breakthroughs in device performance. In this study, a series of novel A–π–A‐type porphyrin derivatives— PPH‐1 , PPH‐2 , and PPF‐1 —are synthesized, each incorporating pyridyl groups, specifically engineered to function as passivation agents for PSCs. The electron‐withdrawing properties of fluorine in PPF‐1 increase the molecular polarity, thereby strengthening its interaction with the perovskite and enhancing the passivation efficacy. Compared to PPH‐1 and PPH‐2 , PPF‐1 not only improves crystallinity but also provides more efficient defect passivation at grain boundaries and interfaces. As a result, PSCs incorporating PPF‐1 achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.96%, along with an open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ) of 1.178 V, a short‐circuit current density ( J SC ) of 24.65 mA cm −2 , and a fill factor (FF) of 85.96%, surpassing the PCEs of 23.36%, 24.11%, and 23.93% for pristine, PPH‐1 ‐, and PPH‐2 ‐modified PSCs, respectively. In addition, the incorporation of fluorinated porphyrin in PPF‐1 significantly improves the moisture resistance and thermal stability, while the device maintains high solar efficiency, opening up new alternative ways to promote solar cell innovation.