MurA-catalyzed synthesis of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate confers glyphosate tolerance in bryophytes

Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide that kills most vascular plant weeds but is ineffective against many bryophytes. Glyphosate competitively inhibits the enolpyruvyl transferase enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). EPSPS catalyzes the production of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP)-an intermediate in the shikimate pathway-from shikimate-3-phosphate (S3P) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) substrates. Here, we show that