Epidemiological study of capillary malformation among 7299 infants under 1 year of age in China

Capillary malformation (CM) is the most common vascular malformation. Large scale studies on its incidence and risk factors are limited in China.Our study aimed to investigate the incidence of CM in Chinese infants and to evaluate its potential risk factors.A cross-sectional study, including 7299 infants (aged < 1 year) were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Independent-samples T tests or χ2 tests and multivariable logistic models were used to examine the potential risk factors for CM.The incidences of salmon patches and port-wine stains (PWSs) were 9.10% and 0.80%, respectively. In analyses, male sex (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.12-1.55) and birth hypoxia (OR: 5.61, 95% CI: 4.39-7.16) were risk factors for salmon patches. Birth hypoxia (OR: 12.58, 95% CI: 7.26-21.79) and pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (PIH; OR: 3.66, 95% CI: 1.49-8.99) were associated with a higher risk of PWSs.This epidemiological study had the largest sample size of infants with CM in the world thus far, which updated its incidence in Chinese infants and found the potential risk factors for CM.