软硬酸碱理论
碘化物
硫脲
材料科学
钙钛矿(结构)
歧化
路易斯酸
无机化学
基础(拓扑)
金属
加合物
能量转换效率
化学
有机化学
催化作用
冶金
数学分析
光电子学
数学
作者
Kyu‐Woong Yeom,Do Kyung Lee,Nam‐Gyu Park
标识
DOI:10.1002/aenm.202202496
摘要
Abstract Regulation of Lewis acid‐base adduct intermediate is more critical for the dual metal ions of Sn 2+ and Pb 2+ than for the single metal ion such as Pb 2+ in preparing high quality perovskite films. It has been reported here that the photovoltaic performance of Sn‐Pb alloyed perovskite solar cells is dependent on the interaction between metal ions and Lewis base additives. Urea and thiourea are selected as an O‐ and a S‐donor, respectively, which is used as an additive in the precursor solution including equimolar SnI 2 and PbI 2 together with organic iodides of formamidinium iodide and methylammonium iodide, forming a nominal composition of FA 0.5 MA 0.5 Pb 0.5 Sn 0.5 I 3 . Open‐circuit voltage ( V oc ) is increased while maintaining short‐circuit photocurrent density ( J sc ) after the addition of urea. On the other hand, both J sc and V oc are simultaneously increased by adding thiourea, leading to a considerable increase in power conversion efficiency from 14.58% (control) to 18.59%. A strong interaction between the relatively soft Sn 2+ , compared to Sn 4+ , and the soft sulfur in thiourea, associated with hard and soft acid and base theory, suppresses effectively a disproportionation reaction of 2Sn 2+ → Sn 4+ + Sn 0 , which results in a substantial enhancement of carrier lifetime and consequently photovoltaic performance.
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